FOR RELEASE: November 10, 2024

A Policy Brief: Somaliland's Presidential and Parties Election on 2024

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Background

In 2024, Somaliland, is poised for a pivotal moment with its upcoming presidential and parties’ election. This election holds immense significance for the people, as it marks a crucial

juncture in its democratic journey.

As political parties gear up for the election, the focus shifts to key issues such as governance, security, economic stability, and social welfare. The electorate plays a critical role in shaping the future trajectory of the governance through their votes and engagement in the democratic process.

The contesting parties present diverse visions and policies, each aiming to address the pressing needs and aspirations of the Somaliland population. With the election drawing near, the discourse around leadership, development, and governance intensifies, reflecting the eagerness of the citizens for positive change and progress.

Amidst the challenges and opportunities that lie ahead, the 2024 election in Somaliland holds the potential to bring about transformative leadership, policy reforms, and strategic initiatives that could shape the governance towards prosperity and stability.

This policy brief will include a section providing recommendations and suggestions, these suggestions aim to enhance the integrity and effectiveness of the electoral process in Somaliland, promoting transparency, inclusivity, conflict mitigation, post-election governance, and sustainable development.

As the electoral landscape evolves, it is essential to closely monitor the developments and analyze the implications of the election outcomes on Somaliland's political, social, and economic landscape.

Historical Perspective on Somaliland's Past Elections:

The electoral history of Somaliland encompasses a series of significant events, including parliamentary, municipal, and presidential elections held over the past two decades. These electoral processes have been crucial in shaping the political landscape and governance structures of the region. In the parliamentary elections of 2021, voters participated in selecting members for the House of Representatives, influencing legislative frameworks and policy formulation. Similarly, the municipal elections in 2021 focused on electing local government officials at the city and district levels, impacting local governance structures and community development initiatives within Somaliland.

Presidential elections, such as the 2017 election, have played a pivotal role in determining the leadership of Somaliland, guiding governance direction and policy implementation. Municipal elections, like those in 2012 and 2002, have been instrumental in electing local government representatives responsible for managing municipal affairs and services. These electoral processes, along with parliamentary elections such as the one in 2005, have been essential in shaping legislative priorities, governance structures, and policy decisions in Somaliland. Overall, these elections underline the region's commitment to democratic practices and self- governance, reflecting a continuous effort to strengthen electoral democracy and political stability in Somaliland.

Navigating Somaliland's Electoral Landscape: Insights into the 2024 Elections

The upcoming election in Somaliland holds significant implications for the region's political future. The contest is poised to unfold between seven key associations BARWAAQO, REJO HORSEED, TALO-WADAAG, KAAH, HILLAAC, SHACABKA alongside the three main political parties: Kulmiye, currently in power, Waddani, and Ucid. This electoral dynamic presents a nuanced scenario where the dominance of the incumbent parties faces a potential challenge from within the broader political spectrum.

The uncertainty surrounding the election lies in whether the electorate will reaffirm their support for the existing triumvirate of main political parties or opt for new leadership represented by the diverse array of associations vying for influence. The electorate's decision will shape the future trajectory of governance in Somaliland, determining whether continuity or change is favored.

One distinctive feature of this election is the simultaneous voting process where citizens will cast their ballots for the president and the three leading political parties on the same day using a single ballot paper. This consolidated voting mechanism underscores the interconnectedness of executive leadership with the broader political landscape, emphasizing the intertwined nature of individual candidate selection with party preferences.

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(https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elections_in_Somaliland#Past_elections, n.d.)

The electoral dynamics in Somaliland reflect a vibrant political ecosystem characterized by a multiplicity of actors seeking to engage with and represent the diverse interests of the populace.

The contest between established parties and emerging associations underscores the evolving nature of democracy in the region, where political pluralism and contestation are integral components of the electoral process.

As Somaliland prepares for this pivotal election, the electorate faces a crucial decision-making juncture that will shape the governance landscape for the coming term. The convergence of multiple parties and associations underscores the vibrancy of political discourse and the complexities inherent in navigating the diverse array of options available to voters.

In conclusion, the forthcoming election in Somaliland stands as a testament to the dynamism and diversity of the region's political landscape. The interplay between established parties and emerging associations sets the stage for a contest where continuity and change intersect, offering the electorate a spectrum of choices that will define the future direction of governance in Somaliland.

5 Key Campaign Issues in the Somaliland’s Election 2024:

Economic Prosperity and Job Creation Agenda:

Somaliland's political landscape is marked by a shared commitment among all parties and associations to bolster the economy and create employment opportunities, particularly for the youth demographic. Each entity presents strategies aimed at economic growth and sustainability to uplift the living standards of the populace.

Foreign Relations and Diplomacy:

Under the leadership of the incumbent president associated with the Kulmiye party, agreements with Ethiopia have been established. However, criticisms have emerged from rival parties and associations regarding the management of these agreements. Calls for more effective diplomatic strategies and transparent foreign policy decisions are echoed, emphasizing the need for optimized benefits for Somaliland in international relations.

Resolution of Internal Conflicts and Regional Stability:

A central theme in the campaign agendas of all parties and associations is the commitment to address internal conflicts and promote stability if elected. Emphasizing the significance of peace and harmony within the region, proposed plans include mediation of existing disputes, facilitation of dialogue among conflicting parties, and the implementation of preventive measures to mitigate potential conflicts in the future. A peaceful Somaliland not only benefits its own people but also has the power to inspire and influence neighboring areas towards a path of harmony and progress.

Pursuit of Independence and International Recognition:

Diverse viewpoints exist across parties and associations regarding Somaliland's pursuit of independence and the quest for international recognition. Each entity articulates distinct strategies to achieve independence through diplomatic means, highlighting the necessity of garnering global support to secure recognition and sovereignty for Somaliland on the international stage.

Mixed Campaigning Strategy in Somaliland's Clan Dynamics:

Somaliland's political landscape offers a compelling narrative of collaboration between clan identities, new governance paradigms, and a burgeoning multiparty system. The seamless transition of political rhetoric from regional-centric to inclusive governance initiatives during electoral campaigns underscores the adaptability and responsiveness of Somaliland's political actors to evolving public demands. In Somaliland, political parties and associations navigate the complex terrain of clan affiliations by tailoring their campaign messages to resonate with regional identities. By emphasizing the significance of belonging to a particular party within a specific region, political actors effectively leverage clan loyalties to garner support during the electoral process. Conversely, when engaging with diverse regions, promises of comprehensive development and improved public services become the focal points of campaign strategies, appealing to the broader spectrum of voters across various clans.

Transparent Elections On the Development of the Country:

In the context of Somaliland, transparent elections serve as a cornerstone for governmental development and progress. By fostering a culture of accountability, inclusivity, and trust, transparent electoral processes have far-reaching implications across various dimensions that significantly influence the country's trajectory. Transparent elections are pivotal in upholding democratic principles and ensuring the legitimacy of the government.

Through open and fair electoral processes, citizens are empowered to exercise their right to choose leaders who represent their interests, thereby strengthening democratic institutions and governance practices. Fair elections play a crucial role in maintaining political stability and fostering peace within a nation. By providing a platform for peaceful transfer of power and resolving disputes through established mechanisms, transparent electoral processes contribute to reducing political tensions and promoting social cohesion.

A clear electoral environment is conducive to economic growth and stability. By instilling confidence among investors, both domestic and international, transparent elections create an atmosphere that supports economic development, job creation, and sustainable progress. Accountable elections uphold human rights, promote social justice, and empower marginalized groups within society.

By ensuring inclusivity and equal representation, transparent electoral processes contribute to advancing social development and upholding fundamental rights for all citizens. By demonstrating a commitment to democratic values and fair electoral practices, Somaliland can strengthen its diplomatic ties, attract foreign investment, and foster positive engagement with the global community.

Inclusive elections promote accountability among political leaders and institutions. By holding elected officials accountable to the electorate, transparent electoral processes help combat corruption, increase transparency in governance, and build public trust in the system. Inclusive elections contribute to building the capacity of electoral management bodies and other institutions involved in the electoral process. By investing in training, technology, and infrastructure, Somaliland can enhance the credibility and efficiency of electoral processes, ensuring a smooth and transparent election cycle. 

Advancing Democratic Integrity: Achievements of the National Electoral Commission in Somaliland:

The National Electoral Commission (NEC) in Somaliland has made significant progress towards ensuring transparent and fair elections. The commission provided training to party/association task forces, focusing on enhancing skills and exchanging experiences on election processes. Crucial meetings with political parties and associations have reaffirmed the commitment to a transparent, efficient, and timely electoral process.

Moreover, the NEC successfully launched the IRIS biometric system at polling centers, demonstrating its dedication to modernizing electoral processes. Through demonstrations and testing in regions such as Togdheer and Awdal, the NEC engaged political leaders, representatives, and voters in showcasing the effectiveness of the new system.

Additionally, the NEC conducted training sessions on electoral dispute resolutions and election results management, ensuring that mechanisms are in place to address any challenges that may arise during the electoral process. The submission of candidates by the three main political parties for the presidential and vice-presidential positions further signifies the progress made towards a transparent election.

Furthermore, the NEC organized a landmark ceremony where leaders from political parties and associations signed a code of conduct for the 2024 elections, emphasizing the commitment to fair and peaceful elections. The presence of leaders from various sectors, including civil society organizations, the speaker of the parliament, and the international community, underscores the collective effort to uphold electoral ethics and ensure a transparent electoral process.

In conclusion, the dedication and progress demonstrated by the NEC and stakeholders in Somaliland towards conducting transparent elections underscore the country's commitment to democratic values, good governance, and sustainable development. 

By continuing to uphold transparency, accountability, and inclusivity in the electoral process, Somaliland is poised to achieve a free and fair election that will shape its political landscape and contribute to ongoing progress and prosperity for the people.

Recommendation and Suggestion:

Bayan will recommend and suggest the following measures to ensure a smooth, fair, and transparent electoral process in Somaliland as the November 13, 2024, election approaches.

1. Preventing Voter Fraud:

• Implement robust voter verification measures at polling stations, such as

requiring valid identification and using biometric technology where available,

to prevent instances of voter fraud.

• Train election officials to be vigilant in detecting and addressing any attempts

at voter fraud, including impersonation or double voting.

• Establish secure procedures for the handling and storage of ballots to prevent

tampering and ensure the integrity of the vote count. 

2. Assisting Elderly Voters:

• Allocate resources to provide dedicated assistance to elderly voters at polling

stations, including offering priority access, seating arrangements, and support

for those with mobility issues.

• Ensure that election officials are trained to provide guidance and support to

elderly voters who may require assistance in understanding the voting process. o Collaborate with local community organizations and volunteers to facilitate

transportation and other logistical support for elderly voters on Election Day.

3. Fair Dispute Resolution Mechanisms:

• Establish clear and transparent mechanisms for resolving electoral disputes,

including the timely investigation and adjudication of complaints related to the

electoral process.

• Ensure that all parties involved in disputes have access to legal recourse and are

provided with opportunities to present evidence and arguments in a fair and

impartial manner.

• Publish clear guidelines on dispute resolution procedures and provide regular

updates to the public on the status of ongoing dispute cases if any comes up.

4. Ensuring Fair Vote Counting:

• Enforce strict protocols for the secure handling, transportation, and counting of

ballots to prevent errors and ensure the accuracy of the vote tally.

• Conduct regular audits and checks throughout the vote counting process to

verify the integrity of the results and address any discrepancies promptly.

• Allow for independent monitoring of the vote counting process by political parties, election observers, and civil society organizations to enhance

transparency and accountability.

5. Promoting Transparency and Accountability:

• Publish detailed information on voter turnout, preliminary results, and any

challenges encountered during the electoral process to maintain transparency

and public trust in the integrity of the election.

• Engage with international observers and election monitoring missions to

provide an external assessment of the election's fairness and adherence to

international standards.

• Hold accountable any individuals or entities found to have engaged in electoral

malpractice or violations, demonstrating a commitment to upholding the rule of law and ensuring electoral integrity.

• It is essential for the government to support and empower media outlets to provide unbiased and informative coverage of the elections. By ensuring freedom of the press and facilitating access to information, the government can enhance public awareness and engagement in the electoral process.

6. Upholding Democratic Principles through Acceptance of Election Results:

• In the aftermath of elections, it is imperative for all political parties to respect and accept the election results, acknowledging the will of the electorate.
• Itisessentialforthewinningpartyanditscandidatetoembracetheirroleswith humility, fostering unity and cooperation for the betterment of Somaliland
• Finally, we recommend, parties and associations that find themselves outside the elected positions should also gracefully accept the outcomes, demonstrating political maturity and a commitment to democratic principles. By accepting the results, all parties can contribute to a peaceful transition of power, uphold the integrity of the electoral process, and work towards the collective advancement and prosperity of Somaliland.

• In the crucial days leading up to the elections, it is paramount for Somaliland to focus on the following recommendations to bolster the credibility and integrity of the electoral process, uphold democratic values, and cultivate public confidence in the election outcomes: Ensure transparency and accessibility in all facets of the electoral process. This encompasses clear dissemination of procedures, diligent monitoring of polling stations, and transparent reporting of results. Guarantee a fair and equitable environment for all candidates. This necessitates unbiased media coverage, equal access to resources, and safeguards against any attempts at electoral manipulation or fraud.

7. Promoting Reconciliation and Unity Post-Election:

• After the electoral process, the elected president should prioritize reconciliation efforts to address any grievances among the population. By fostering unity and understanding, the president can heal divisions, build trust, and promote a sense of solidarity among the people of Somaliland.
• Emphasizing the importance of moving forward together, the president should engage in dialogue with all segments of society to bridge gaps, resolve conflicts, and strengthen the collective fabric of the government. Communicating a message of inclusivity and reconciliation can help to unite the populace and pave the way for a harmonious post-election period.

8. Ensuring Security for All Citizens:

• In the aftermath of the election, it is essential for the newly elected president to prioritize the security of all citizens. By emphasizing the importance of safety and stability, the president can reassure the public and instill confidence in the government's ability to protect its people.
• Additionally,thegovernmentmusttakeproactivemeasurestoenhancesecurity measures across the nation, ensuring that all individuals feel secure in their daily lives.
• Specifically, efforts should be made to safeguard the security of voters, guaranteeing a safe environment for democratic participation. By prioritizing security at both a general level and specifically for voters, the government can demonstrate its commitment to ensuring the well-being of all citizens.

9. Ensuring Inclusivity for Women and People with Disabilities:

• Theelectoralprocessshouldensureinclusivityandaccessibilityforallcitizens, including women and individuals with disabilities. The newly elected administration should prioritize initiatives that cater to the needs of these marginalized groups, ensuring their full participation in the voting process.
• This can include providing accessible polling stations, offering assistance for individuals with disabilities, and implementing measures to empower women to exercise their voting rights.
• By promoting inclusivity and addressing the specific needs of women and people with disabilities, the government can uphold the principles of equality and ensure that all citizens have a voice in shaping the future of Somaliland.

Conclusion:

In the crucial days leading up to the elections, it is paramount for Somaliland to focus on the following recommendations to bolster the credibility and integrity of the electoral process, uphold democratic values, and cultivate public confidence in the election outcomes: Ensure transparency and accessibility in all facets of the electoral process. This encompasses clear dissemination of procedures, diligent monitoring of polling stations, and transparent reporting of results. Guarantee a fair and equitable environment for all candidates. This necessitates unbiased media coverage, equal access to resources, and safeguards against any attempts at electoral manipulation or fraud.

Hold all involved parties accountable for their conduct throughout the election period. This accountability extends to electoral officials, candidates, political entities, and security forces. Swift action must be taken to address and rectify any misconduct. By placing emphasis on transparency, fairness, and accountability in the run-up to the election, Somaliland can conduct a successful and inclusive electoral process that genuinely mirrors the collective will of its populace. These principles are foundational for erecting a robust democratic framework and ensuring that the election results are acknowledged and accepted by all stakeholders. Furthermore, this policy brief underscores that trust in the system and the assurance of prioritizing the protection of the population from any disturbances or destabilization are paramount. Each party or association must uphold these principles to maintain the integrity of the electoral process and safeguard the well-being of the community.

Research underscores the critical nature of trusting the electoral system and prioritizing the protection of the population from any potential disruptions or instability. It is incumbent upon every party and association involved to respect these principles, as they form the bedrock upon which a successful and legitimate electoral process is built. In conclusion, by prioritizing transparency, fairness, and accountability in the lead-up to the elections, Somaliland not only ensures the credibility of the electoral process but also lays the foundation for a robust democratic framework. Upholding these principles is essential for fostering public trust, ensuring the legitimacy of the election results, and ultimately advancing the democratic aspirations of the government.

Acknowledgments:

This policy briefing is a collaborative effort that relies on the input and analysis of a group of talented researchers and creative designers. We would like to express our sincere gratitude to the following teams:

Research Team

Internal Ethics Board

Digital Producer, Media and Web Publishing Communications and Editorial

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Info@bayanresearch.org

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